Andrew Przybylski applies psychological models and motivational theory to study how people interact with virtual environments including video games and social media.
Email: andy.przybylski@oii.ox.ac.ukTel: +44 (0)1865 287230
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Andrew Przybylski is an experimental psychologist based at the Oxford Internet Institute. Since 2005 his research has focused on applying motivational theory to understand the universal aspects of video games and social media that draw people in, the role of game structure and content on human aggression, and the factors that lead to successful versus unsuccessful self-regulation of gaming contexts and social media use.
Selected Publications
(2017) “Internet Gaming Disorder: Investigating the Clinical Relevance of a New Phenomenon.“, Am J Psychiatry. 174 (3) 230-236.
(2017) “A Large-Scale Test of the Goldilocks Hypothesis.“, Psychol Sci. 28 (2) 204-215.
Przybylski, A.K., and Weinstein, N. (2016) How we see electronic games. Peer J.
Bell, V., Bishop, D.V.M., Przybylski, A.K. (2015) Editorial. The debate over digital technology and young people. BMJ 2015; 351 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h3064.
Przybylski, A. K. (2014) Electronic Gaming and Psychosocial Adjustment. Pediatrics, 134(3), 1-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.2013-4021.
Przybylski, A.K., Deci, E.L., Rigby, C.S., and Ryan, R. M. (2014) Competence-impeding electronic games and players’ aggressive feelings, thoughts, and behaviors. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 106 (3) 441-457.
Areas of Interest for Doctoral Supervision
Psychology, digital games, virtual environments
Research interests
psychology, human motivation, video games, virtual environments
Positions held at the OII
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Senior Research Fellow, January 2017 –
- Research Fellow, September 2013 – December 2016
Latest blog posts
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Gaming addiction: it may not be as much of a crisis as some expect
Date Published: 3 March 2017
Authors: Andrew Przybylski
Few activities stir the imagination or popular concern more than video gaming. Nearly all young people in the UK now regularly play games – ... Read More Gaming addiction: it may not be as much of a crisis as some expect
Current projects
Past projects
Featured
- (2017) "Internet Gaming Disorder: Investigating the Clinical Relevance of a New Phenomenon.", Am J Psychiatry. 174 (3) 230-236.
- (2017) "A Large-Scale Test of the Goldilocks Hypothesis.", Psychol Sci. 28 (2) 204-215.
- (2016) "Mischievous responding in Internet Gaming Disorder research.", PeerJ. 4 e2401.
- (2016) "How we see electronic games.", PeerJ. 4 e1931.
Journal articles
- (2017) "Open Scientific Practices Are the Way Forward for Internet Gaming Disorder Research: Response to Yao et al.", Am J Psychiatry. 174 (5) 487.
- (2017) "Internet Filtering Technology and Aversive Online Experiences in Adolescents.", J Pediatr. 184 215-219.e1.
- (2017) "Internet Gaming Disorder: Investigating the Clinical Relevance of a New Phenomenon.", Am J Psychiatry. 174 (3) 230-236.
- (2017) "A Large-Scale Test of the Goldilocks Hypothesis.", Psychol Sci. 28 (2) 204-215.
- (2016) "Scholars' open debate paper on the World Health Organization ICD-11 Gaming Disorder proposal.", J Behav Addict. 1-4.
- (2016) "A large scale test of the gaming-enhancement hypothesis.", PeerJ. 4 e2710.
- (2016) "Mischievous responding in Internet Gaming Disorder research.", PeerJ. 4 e2401.
- (2016) "How the quantity and quality of electronic gaming relates to adolescents’ academic engagement and psychosocial adjustment.", Psychology of Popular Media Culture. 5 (2) 145-156.
- (2016) "How we see electronic games.", PeerJ. 4 e1931.
- (2015) "The debate over digital technology and young people", BMJ (Online). 351.
- (2014) "Electronic gaming and psychosocial adjustment.", Pediatrics. 134 (3) e716-e722.
- (2014) "Who believes electronic games cause real world aggression?", Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 17 (4) 228-234.
- (2014) "Competence-impeding electronic games and players' aggressive feelings, thoughts, and behaviors", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 106 (3) 441-457.
- (2013) "Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out", Computers in Human Behavior. 29 (4) 1841-1848.
- (2013) "Can you connect with me now? How the presence of mobile communication technology influences face-to-face conversation quality", Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 30 (3) 237-246.
- (2013) "The Integrative Process", Current Directions in Psychological Science. 22 (1) 69-74.
- (2012) "The ideal self at play: the appeal of video games that let you be all you can be.", Psychol Sci. 23 (1) 69-76.
- (2012) "Parental autonomy support and discrepancies between implicit and explicit sexual identities: Dynamics of self-acceptance and defense.", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 102 (4) 815-832.
- (2010) "A motivational model of video game engagement.", Review of General Psychology. 14 (2) 154-166.
- (2009) "Having to versus Wanting to Play: Background and Consequences of Harmonious versus Obsessive Engagement in Video Games", CyberPsychology & Behavior. 12 (5) 485-492.
- (2009) "Virtual worlds and the learner hero: How today's video games can inform tomorrow's digital learning environments", Theory and Research in Education. 7 (2) 214-223.
- (2009) "The Motivating Role of Violence in Video Games", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 35 (2) 243-259.
- (2006) "The Motivational Pull of Video Games: A Self-Determination Theory Approach", Motivation and Emotion. 30 (4) 344-360.
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Digital Social Research: Methods Core
This course provides students with the opportunity to engage with the methodological, ethical and philosophical underpinnings of quantitative and qualitative social science research practices.
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Digital Social Research: Statistics Core
This course introduces students to statistics for the social sciences, with an emphasis on application to research on the Internet and society.
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Experimental Approaches
This course will prepare students to interpret and practice the experimental method, an increasingly important area of social science research in general, as well as design of policy.
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Study casts doubt on whether internet filters in the home protect teenagers online
14 March 2017 - 9:16 am
A new study by Oxford casts doubt on whether Internet filtering technologies shield young teenagers after finding no link between homes with internet filters and the likelihood of the teenagers in those households being better protected.
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Moderate amounts of screen time may not be bad for teenagers’ well-being
16 January 2017 - 5:06 pm
While a lot has been said by scientists and paediatricians about the possible dangers of teenagers spending time on digital devices or computers, a new paper argues there is little robust evidence to back up their claims.
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Study: Internet gaming’s ‘not as addictive as gambling but more research is needed’
4 November 2016 - 9:24 am
A new Oxford University study suggests that playing internet games is not as addictive as gambling.
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A little video game-playing linked with better-adjusted children
4 August 2014 - 5:05 pm
A new study suggests video game-playing for less than an hour a day is linked with better-adjusted children and teenagers.
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Games linked to aggression if players can’t master technology
8 April 2014 - 5:12 pm
Playing electronic games can make people feel aggressive, but new research finds that the reason has little to do with violent content.
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Older men most likely to link video games with aggression
19 December 2013 - 5:17 pm
Video and computer games have seen a huge rise in popularity worldwide. The immersive virtual experience of these games has led to public concerns, often articulated in the media, about a possible link between gaming and real world aggression.
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Gaming addiction: it may not be as much of a crisis as some expect
3 March 2017
Author: Andrew Przybylski
Few activities stir the imagination or popular concern more than video gaming. Nearly all young people in the UK now regularly play games – ... Read More Gaming addiction: it may not be as much of a crisis as some expect
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It Turns Out Staring At Screens Isn’t Bad For Teens’ Mental Wellbeing
13 January 2017 BuzzFeed
A big new study looking at how teenagers use technology has found that moderate use of video games, computers, and other screens isn’t harmful, and may even have a positive impact.
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257 minutes: the time teens can spend on computers each day before harming wellbeing
13 January 2017 The Telegraph
Parents should worry less about the amount of time their children spend using smartphones, computers and playing video games because screen time is actually beneficial, the University of Oxford has concluded.
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Ari Shaffir: Why I ditched my smartphone
10 August 2016 BBC News
Dr Andrew Przybylski says "There is no scientific evidence that smartphones are addictive in the clinical sense," adding that there "isn't any good research" as yet to suggest that heavy use of social media causes changes in the brain.
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Net overload ‘sparks digital detox for millions of Britons’
4 August 2016 BBC News
Internet overload has led millions of people in the UK to take a "digital detox", according to research from regulator Ofcom. The OII's Andy Przybylski discusses their report.
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Over a Third of Britons Have Taken a ‘Digital Detox’ in 2016
4 August 2016 Newsweek
An Ofcom report found 59 percent of internet users described themselves as "hooked." The OII's Andy Przybylski comments, saying that spending too much time online is “not a psychiatric disorder,” but a natural way of sharing information with friends.
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The psychological tricks behind Pokemon Go’s success
11 July 2016 BBC Future
The OII's Andrew Przybylski has studied what attributes are essential for games to have the chance of being successful. He discusses the success of Pokemon Go.
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Parents know best about effects of video games on children’
11 April 2016 Medical Xpress
The online journal reports on work by Andy Przybylski and colleagues about the effects of video games on children. Parents who play games with their children are likely to have an accurate view of the risks and benefits they say.
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Bringing up Britain
23 September 2015 BBC R4
Andy Przybylski contributes to the series on Bringing up Britain by talking about his research into video games and the effect of gaming on the behaviour and socialisation of young people. (item begins at 17.28 on the clock)
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Instagram show-offs prompt backlash against over-staged shots
23 September 2015 The Independent
The psychology of envy or FOMO, Fear Of Missing Out, is heightened by Instagram according to research by Andy Przybylski quoted in The Independent.
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Are Video Games Really That Bad?
17 September 2015 BBC2
Dr Andrew Przybylski appears in this hour-long documentary assessing the effects of video games. He discusses his own research into the psychology of motivation.
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Good Morning Wales
16 September 2015 BBC Wales
Andy Przybylski talks about the influence of video games in advance of the Horizon documentary on BBC2 examining the benefits and drawbacks of gaming.
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5 Live Breakfast
15 September 2015 BBC 5 Live
Andy Przybylski talks about the influence of video games in advance of the Horizon documentary on BBC2 examining the benefits and drawbacks of gaming. (53.17 on the clock)
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Do video games make people violent?
17 August 2015 BBC News Technology
The BBC reports on an open letter to the American Psychological Association which challenges new research suggesting a link between violent video games and aggression. Andy Pszybylski and his study are quoted.
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Baroness Susan Greenfield slammed by Oxford colleagues over ‘misleading and unfounded’ claims the internet damages children’s brains
13 August 2015 Daily Mail
Dr Andy Przybylski is quoted as co-author of a BMJ editorial challenging notions of the harmful nature of the internet.
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Oxford academics at war over dangers of the internet
12 August 2015 The Telegraph
Dr Andy Przybylski is quoted as co-author of an editorial in the British Medical Journal.
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Are Game Play and Screen Time Bad for You?
29 July 2015 BBC World Service
Interviewed about his research into video games Andy Przybylski talked about evidence suggesting that for adults, gaming may be beneficial but over three hours play may have very small negative effects for children.
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The joy of sticks: is video gaming like masturbation?
10 June 2015 The Telegraph
An article on concerns about the effect of video gaming, particularly on young men, includes extensive comment Dr Andrew Przybylski, who urges caution saying there is no evidence of causal harm.
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The professor who thinks video games will be the downfall of men
11 May 2015 The Guardian
Serious concerns about the influence of video games and online pornography on young men have been raised in a new book. Andy Przybylski is quoted on his research into gaming and childhood well-being.
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Victoria Derbyshire
7 May 2015 BBC2
Andy Przybylski debated the risks to isolated young men from online pornography with Dr Philip Zimbardo and a group of gamers on the BBC2 main morning news story (12.37 on the clock)
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Today
6 May 2015 BBC Radio 4
Andy Przybylski debated the risks to isolated young men from online pornography with Dr Philip Zimbardo on BBC Radio 4's main morning news programme. (02:53:27 on the clock)
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All in the Mind
22 April 2015 BBC R4
Claudia Hammond, presenter of BBC's All in the Mind interviewed Andy Przybylski along with a group of gamers on the impact of gaming on teenage brains highlighting his research on the potential influence.
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Psychology: does gaming really cause bad behavour?
11 April 2015 Financial Times Magazine
The FT magazine reports on the 'interesting study' by Andy Przybylski and Alison Mishkin into online gaming,
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Amount of Time Spent Playing Video Games Influences Kids’ Behavior
8 April 2015 Psychiatry Advisor
A report on the study by Andy Przybylski and Alison Mishkin into the influence of video games on children's behaviour. The content of games seems less significant than the time spent playing them.
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Games and social media: is there any scientific evidence for digital neglect?
7 April 2015 The Guardian
Andrew Przybylski and Netta Weinstein examine the scientific basis to the claims by a group of head teachers that allowing children to play some types of video games is akin to parental neglect. They caution against losing perspective.
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Violent video games don’t affect kids’ behavior — but this might
3 April 2015 CBS News
Findings from a report on children's behaviour and the playing of video games by Andy Prsybylski and graduate student Alison Mishkin are highlighted by CBS news.
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Video games in moderation can make children more sociable Children playing exploration games appeared to do better academically and emotionally
1 April 2015 The Times
A study led by Dr Andy Przybylski concludes that low levels of online games playing can actually influence children’s behaviour for the better. It is likely that time spent online rather than content is the main factor.
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Study finds no evidence violent video games make children aggressive
1 April 2015 Daily Telegraph
A study led by Dr Andy Przybylski concludes that low levels of online games playing can actually influence children’s behaviour for the better. It is likely that time spent online rather than content is the main factor.
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Don’t worry about how violent video games are – it’s the amount of TIME spent playing them that’s damaging,
31 March 2015 Daily Mail
Andy Przybylski is the lead author in a study that finds that children's behaviour is more likely to be influence by the time they spend playing online games rather than the content.
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Drivetime
30 March 2015 Radio Oxford
Dr Any Przyblyski talks about his research into young people and video gaming in the light of the news that some headteachers will report parents who allow their children to play over-18 rated computer games to police (01.22.14 on clock).
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Turkey Investigating Minecraft for Being ‘Too Violent’
10 February 2015 Newsweek
Turkey is investigating the popular computer game Minecraft following accusations that it is 'too violent'. Andy Przsbylski says that fears are groundless and investigating Minecraft for being violent is like investigating violent Lego playing.
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Addicted 2 UR Phone? Here’s How To Switch Off
7 February 2015 Sky News
Participants at a £200 per-day 'digital retreat' talk about why they feel the need to be separated from their mobile phones. Despite fears that technology is damaging, Andy Przybylski says there is no real cause for concern.
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Do computer games really harm children?
2 November 2014 The Times Magazine
A feature on the perceived dangers of online games-playing quotes Andy Przybylski who says that play exists as a place for people to experiment with different identities.
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Compulsive gaming – something to be worried about?
18 October 2014 ABC Australia
Robin Williams, presenter of ABC's prestigious Science Show discusses Andy Przybylski's research into compulsion, addiction and people's engagement with computer games. First broadcast on 18 October
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Web-savvy kids more ‘resilient’ to online threats
15 October 2014 Daily Telegraph
The findings of research carried out by Andy Przybylski into young people's engagement with the Internet finds that children who self-regulate media use are more likely to be resilient online.
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Call for teens to self-regulate net use
15 October 2014 BBC News Technology
The findings of research by Andy Przbylski on keeping children safe online are reported by the BBC. The key is good parenting he concludes.
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Video games boss reveals he sold Minecraft to Microsoft because he ‘doesn’t want to be responsible for something huge that I don’t understand
16 September 2014 Mail Online
Andy Przbylski says the Minecraft game fosters teamwork skills in children.
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With Kids And Video Games, Moderation Is Key
7 August 2014 Huffington Post
Research by Dr Andy Przbylski indicates that moderate video game playing of less than an hour a day can have a positive effect on children’s well-being.
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Playing video games daily for less than an hour benefits kids
5 August 2014 The Times of India
Research by Dr Andy Przbylski indicates that moderate video game playing can have a positive effect on children’s well being. (also in The Age, Australia, BBC World News, Click, BBC Radio Cambridgeshire, Global Times, China Int.Business Times)
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A little video gaming ‘linked to well-adjusted children’
4 August 2014 BBC News Health
A paper by Andy Przbylski on young people's engagement with video games suggests that moderate use of less than an hour a day can produce small, positive impacts on child development.
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LOW-LEVEL GAMERS ‘BETTER ADJUSTED’
4 August 2014 Mail Online
Research by Dr Andy Przbylski indicates that moderate video game playing of less than an hour a day can have a positive effect on children’s wellbeing.
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With Kids and Video Games, Moderation Is Key
4 August 2014 livescience
Research by Dr Andy Przbylski indicates that moderate video game playing of less than an hour a day can have a positive effect on children’s wellbeing.
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Playing video games for up to an hour a day ‘is good for children’
4 August 2014 The Telegraph
Research by Dr Andy Przbylski indicates that moderate video game playing of less than an hour a day can have a positive effect on children’s well-being.
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Computer games benefit kids, new research shows
4 August 2014 The Scotsman
Research by Dr Andy Przbylski indicates that moderate video game playing of less than an hour a day can have a positive effect on children’s well-being.
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Playing video games leads to better adjusted children, Oxford University study shows
4 August 2014 Oxford Mail
Research by Dr Andy Przbylski indicates that moderate video game playing of less than an hour a day can have a positive effect on children’s well-being.
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Video games can help kids, but three hours a day can be a bad thing
4 August 2014 Tech Times
Research by Dr Andy Przbylski indicates that moderate video game playing of less than an hour a day can have a positive effect on children’s well-being.
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Want ‘better adjusted’ children? An hour of video gaming a day (and no more) might help
4 August 2014 The Independent
Research by Dr Andy Przbylski indicates that moderate video game playing of less than an hour a day can have a positive effect on children’s well-being.
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Video game time tied to kids’ mental, social health
4 August 2014 Reuters UK
Research by Dr Andy Przbylski indicates that moderate video game playing can have a positive effect on children’s well-being. (Also Daily Mirror, ITV news, Business Standard, India, CBS news, Fox news, The Week, Examiner US, Radio 1, 2, 4, & local)
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Playing Videogames for Less than an Hour Linked to Better Social Skills
4 July 2014 Nature World News
Research by Dr Andy Przbylski indicates that moderate video game playing of less than an hour a day can have a positive effect on children’s wellbeing.
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Blaming video games for suicide is an illogical leap too far
29 May 2014 Wired.co.uk
Video games can't be identified as a risk factor in the suicide rates of young men, Andy Przbylski tells Wired.
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Gunman Elliot Rodger’s videos removed by YouTube
27 May 2014 BBC News Technology
In the wake of You Tube’s decision to remove content posted online by the killer of six Californian students, Dr Andy Przybylski comments on the idea that technology could flag up disturbing content online in order to stop similar events.
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Rage Quitting
24 April 2014 New Hampshire Public Radio
Andy Przybylski talks to New Hampshire Public Radio's Game Show about his research into violent video games and and concerns that they lead to violent behaviour.
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Violent Video Games Don’t Make You Aggressive (but Tetris Might)
16 April 2014 Bloomberg Business
Bloomberg Business features research by Andy Prszbylski which suggests that aggressive thoughts arising from video games' playing are caused by inability to progress with the game rather than from violent content.
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Recent Study Finds Aggression From Video Games Is Due To Incompetence
13 April 2014 International Business Times
Coverage of research by Andy Przybylski which indicates that feelings of aggression in video-games players is more likely to be linked with the ability to play the game than with violent content.
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If Video Games Make You Aggressive, Blame Your Own Incompetence
8 April 2014 Motherboard Magazine
New research by Andrew Przybylski and colleagues suggests that it might not be violent content in video games that leads to aggression, but a player’s own feeling of incompetence when playing.
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Aggression from video games ‘linked to incompetence’
7 April 2014 BBC News Technology
What causes gamers to feel agressive after playing video games? Research by Andrew Przybylski and colleagues points to new findings.
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Violent video games DON’T make players aggressive – lack of practice and difficult levels do
7 April 2014 The Daily Mail
Computer games do make people aggressive - but not for the reason you may think. Research by Andrew Przybylski and colleagues points to unexpected findings.
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Do Violent Games Boost Aggression? Study Adds Fire to Debate
24 March 2014 livescience
Andy Przybylski draws attention to the weaknesses in a study linking aggressive behavior in children to the playing of violent video games. The study is weakened by analytical shortcomings making it difficult to assess, he says.
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How Turkey Stills Tweets Despite Twitter Ban
21 March 2014 Associated Press
Andrew Przybylski contributes to an article looking at the Turkish twitter ban, and the ways Turkish Internet users are circumventing it.
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Flappy Bird ‘Evil genius’ rakes in £30,000 a day
10 February 2014 The Times
Andy Przybylski, who studies how people interact with video games and social media, suggests reasons why the ‘Flappy Birds’ game is so addictive.
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Institute studies views on gaming
20 December 2013 Oxford Mail
Oxford's daily paper covers a study by Andy Przybylski about perceptions that the online games encourage real-life aggression. Concern is often related to unfamiliarity with gaming.
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Older men most likely to link video games with aggression
19 December 2013 Oxford Internet Institute
How concerned people are about the effect of video games on real world aggression is often influenced by their actual experience of online gaming. A study by Dr Andy Przybylski explores beliefs about the malign influence of online games.
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Video games nastiest to those who have never played them – Oxford study
18 December 2013 Daily Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph features the work of Andy Przybylski on perceptions of the violent influence of on-line games on real life.
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121613 Social
16 December 2013 Fox News
Andy Przybylski tells Fox News about FOMO - the fear of missing out and what people feel when they see their friends' pictures on social media.
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Gamers less worried about violence in video games
23 September 2013 YouGov
Andrew Przybylski writes about his research into how Britons think about computer and video games. He highlights perceptions that these games may cause violence, pointing out that beliefs vary across age, gender and personal experience of Britons.