GeoNet: Internet Geographies: Changing Connectivities and the Potentials of Sub-Saharan Africa’s Knowledge Economy

This research project is examining the geographies, drivers, and effects of Sub-Saharan Africa's emerging information economies at a time of changing connectivity and Internet access across the region.

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Sub-Saharan Africa has traditionally been characterised by stark barriers to telecommunication and flows of information. Rates for long distance phone calls throughout Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) used to be some of the highest in the world, and Internet costs and speeds similarly were out of the reach of all but the most privileged citizens. However, in the last few years, there have been radical changes to SSA’s international connectivity. Fibre-optic cables have been laid throughout the continent and there are now almost one hundred million Internet users and over seven hundred million mobile users in the region.

This rapid transformation in the region’s connectivity has encouraged politicians, journalists, academics, and citizens to speak of an ICT-fuelled economic revolution happening on the continent. Many see the potential for SSA to move away from reliance on agriculture and extractive industries and towards a focus on the quaternary and quinary sectors (in other words, the knowledge-based parts of the economy). However, while much research has been conducted into the impacts of ICTs on older economic processes and practices, there remains surprisingly little research into the emergence of a new informationalised economy in Africa. As such, it is precisely now that we urgently need groundbreaking frontier research to understand precisely what impacts are observable, who benefits, and how these changes match up to our expectations for change. We need to ask if we are seeing a new era of development on the continent fuelled by ICTs, or whether Sub- Saharan Africa’s engagement with the global knowledge economy continues to be on terms that reinforce dependence, underdevelopment, and economic extraversion.

This research project is designed to tackle this broad line of inquiry by focusing on the geographies, drivers, and effects of Sub-Saharan Africa’s emerging information economies at this important moment of change. We do so by focusing on three key research contexts: the economic geographies of knowledge production and digital participation from SSA; outsourcing and bottom-of-the-pyramid labour; and the creative service sector. Using a mixed-methods approach, we will document the challenges and the unanticipated and innovative uses resulting from this changing connectivity. A range of contemporary discourses about the benefits of SSA’s changing connectivity can be compared with the material effects that ICTs are having, thus allowing us to cut through the hype and empirically evaluate the benefits and impacts of of new communication technologies in Africa. This project will contribute not only to academic and policy debates surrounding the economic benefits of connectivity and Internet access, but will also provide a robust evidence base crucial in shaping future rounds of ICT related development projects in low-income countries.

Support

This project is supported by an ERC Starting Grant.


Latest blog posts

Books

Chapters

  • Graham, M. and Anwar, M.A. (2017) Digital Labour.

Conference papers

  • Ojanpera, S., Graham, M., Straumann, R. and De Sabbata, S. (2016) "Measuring the Contours of the Global Knowledge Economy with a Digital Index", Development Studies Association Conference.

Journal articles

  • Ballatore, A., Graham, M. and Sen, S. (2017) "Digital Hegemonies: The Localness of Search Engine Results", ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF GEOGRAPHERS. 107 (5) 1194-1215.
  • Graham, M., Hjorth, I. and Lehdonvirta, V. (2017) "Digital labour and development: impacts of global digital labour platforms and the gig economy on worker livelihoods.", Transfer (Brussels, Belgium). 23 (2) 135-162.
  • Ojanpera, S., Graham, M., Straumann, R., De Sabbata, S. and Zook, M. (2017) "Engagement in the Knowledge Economy: Regional Patterns of Content Creation with a Focus on Sub-Saharan Africa", Information Technologies and International Development 13. 33-51.
  • Ojanpera, S. (2017) "Book review: Africa's Future: Darkness to Destiny: How the Past is Shaping Africa's Economic Evolution", Progress in Development Studies. 17 (1).
  • Foster, C. and Graham, M. (2017) "Reconsidering the role of the digital in global production networks", GLOBAL NETWORKS-A JOURNAL OF TRANSNATIONAL AFFAIRS. 17 (1) 68-88.
  • Friederici, N., Ojanperä, S. and Graham, M. (2016) The Impact of Connectivity in Africa: Grand Visions and the Mirage of Inclusive Digital Development.
  • Straumann, R.K. and Graham, M. (2016) "Who isn’t online? Mapping the ‘archipelago of disconnection’", Regional Studies, Regional Science. 3 (1) 96-98.
  • Graham, M., Mann, L., Friederici, N. and Waema, T. (2016) "Growing the Kenyan Business Process Outsourcing Sector", The African Technopolitan. 5 93-95.
  • Graham, M. and Foster, C. (2016) "Geographies of Information Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa", African Technopolitan. 5 78-85.

Other

  • Ojanpera, S. and Graham, M. (2017) Africa's digital knowledge economy worrying. SciDev.Net.
  • Graham, M. (2015) Digital work signals a global race to the bottom. SciDev.Net.
  • Wood, A., Graham, M., Anwar, M. and Ramizo Jr, G. Minimum wages on online labour platforms: a response to the ETUI and IG Metall's request for comment.