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Pre-print

Seven Barriers to The Ethical Governance of Artificial Intelligence in Defence

By Antonia-Felicia Toffert, Katharina Klotz, Huw Roberts, Cyril Birks, and Mariarosaria Taddeo

AI ethics in defence faces a gap between principles and practice. Reviewing 1,085 studies, this paper identifies seven interconnected barriers and proposes strategies to strengthen governance, build capacity, and embed ethics across the AI lifecycle.

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Journal article

Ethical, legal, and social challenges of data economy in defence the case of battlefield data

By Brian Kot, Jack Burling Nebe, and Mariarosaria Taddeo

Battlefield data are vital for AI-enabled defence but underexplored. This article reviews NATO and Five Eyes policies and proposes treating them as an artificial club good, with governance to maximise value while managing ethical and security risks.

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Journal article

A framework for evaluating global AI governance initiatives

By Huw Roberts, Mariarosaria Taddeo, and Luciano Floridi

Global AI governance is expanding but remains weak due to vague mandates, limited authority, and geopolitical tensions. This article proposes a framework to assess legitimacy and strengthen cooperation on AI safety and autonomous weapons.

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